Effects of window opening on the bedroom environment and resulting sleep quality

The effects of two window states (closed or open) on the bedroom environment and sleep quality were investigated. Twenty-seven subjects (14 males 13 females, 20–33 years old) without disorders chronic diseases participated. slept for consecutive nights with windows open closed in four dormitory rooms adapted purpose this study, one person at a time. order exposure was balanced among participants. Bed temperature, room relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2), particles (PM2.5), noise monitored during sleep. Sleep measured using subjective ratings, wrist-worn tracker, (for group 14 only) polysomnography (PSG) home use; snoring sub-group awakenings also registered. Higher PM2.5 levels found open, while higher RH, CO2 closed. There no differences between conditions terms objectively stages but PSG attached snored significantly less woke up often when sleeping open. Start time, end total time (TST) bed (TIB) tracker confirmed by measurements made PSG, light (N1 + N2) latency moderate agreement there significant REM deep (N3). When rated air as fresher reported levels, feeling rested, worse mental state well-being, their replies Groningen scale indicated poorer quality. clear association performance test score These results suggest that can provide some benefits increasing ventilation outdoor air, reducing concentrations, improving subjectively freshness parameters defining quality, it may result discomfort if are episodic loud events outdoors. Further studies required to clarify role achieving good